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Process evaluation of adolescent and Youth Sexual Reproductive Health (AYSRH) programme on utilization of sexual and reproductive health services: A case study of Kinondoni Municipality.
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Muhoja, Winfrida L.
Different stakeholders have been investing in the adolescent and youth programme to help them by providing sexual reproductive health services including the challenge initiative (TCI) on Tupange Pamoja under Jhpiego in Dar es Salaam. It was believed that Adolescent and Youth Sexual Reproductive Health (AYSRH) services would contribute to the rise of Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR). Study conducted in Kinondoni Municipality which showed significant rise of CPR from 11% in 2017 to 13.5% in 2018 after implementation of Tupange Pamoja and AYSRH programs. The objectives of this study were to examine how AYSRH program was implemented, what were the factors facilitated and impinging attainment of outcomes and what were the best practices on attainment of program outcomes. The study adopted a case study design. Health managers were purposively selected based on involvement in designing, planning and implementing programme. Convenient sampling selected on duty trained health care providers (HCP), and young people attended services, made total of 19 respondents. Data were collected through documentary review (Reports and guidelines), in-depth interviews to health managers, HCPs and young people, observations in health facilities. Analyses of interviews were conducted by importing transcriptions in ATLAS ti. 7 by coding themes as per objectives, thus, output report generated for report writing. Content analysis conducted for documentary review. Results indicated that, process involved municipal council on designing, planning and implementing programme with technical support from jhpiego organization. Commitment of budgeting for services and supplies of AYSRH and capacity building were major factors for the improving utilization of young people services. Major factors impinge the attainment of outcomes were bureaucracy, late report submission and unavailability of condoms. Best practices were program design at council level, community dialogues, data management and services sign boards. Major conclusion was that, implementation of demand generation, advocacy, services and supplies increased number of young people using SRH services. Municipal medical officer’s office should train more providers, to make sure health facilities budget for audio and visual materials, recognize peer educators’ role and manage to have enough stock of supplies and commodities especially condoms. MoHCDEC should provide guidelines addressing both adolescent and youth issues.
Process evaluation of temporary exemption implementation for emergency: A cases at St. Augustine Muheza designated District hospital
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Msabaha, Rasmo
This study was set to evaluate temporary exemption implementation for emergency cases at St. Augustine Muheza designated district hospital. A temporary exemption is the process in which patients who have no money for covering health services at the point of service delivery, after being assessed by a social welfare officer, have a chance of receiving services under loan agreement so that such money to be settled on later. The main purpose is to ensure accessibility to health services regardless of the ability to pay. The general objective of the study was to evaluate temporary exemption implementation for eligible emergency cases and its effect on sustainability in revenue collection. The study was meant to answer the following research questions: How is the guideline for cost-sharing policy in the area of temporary exemption to emergency cases are being implemented at St. Augustine Muheza designated district hospital?; How the follow-ups of un-paid bills from patients who received temporary exemptions are being conducted?; How verification of payments which have done by clients who were given temporary exemptions, and are already at their homes are conducted? and; What are the factors facilitating or impinging the payment of bills by temporarily exempted patients at St. Augustine Muheza hospital? The study applied a descriptive cross-sectional design, in which participants were selected through purposive and convenient sampling techniques. Documentary review, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used for data collection. A total of 34 respondents participated in the study whereby 8 health workers involved in one FGD, and the rest 26 (both health workers and community members) participated in the in-depth interviews. The content analysis method was used to analyse data from field. The overall results revealed that about 2% of the total patients admitted at St. Augustine Muheza designated District hospital per year received temporary exemptions, and for three consecutive years only 3.5 out of 94.6 million were paid as temporary exemption bills. The low payment of bills was due to the lack of follow up strategies at the hospital, absence of social welfare department and lack of community sensitization. This study documented that, St. Augustine Muheza designated district hospital have no mechanisms for bills payment, lack of social welfare officers, and lack of community sensitization are some of the factors influencing the low payment of bills that led the hospital to operate under budgets.
Internal quality assurance approaches adopted for quality teaching-learning in secondary schools in Mvomero district, Morogoro Tanzania.
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Julius, Kitaraga I.
The study investigated internal quality assurance approaches adopted for quality teaching-learning in Mvomero District secondary schools, Tanzania. Three specific objectives guided the current study which was to (1) to identify the internal quality assurance approaches adopted for quality teaching-learning process, (2) to examine the internal quality assurance approaches adopted and implemented for quality teaching learning process and (3) to examine the outcome of the adopted internal quality assurance approaches for quality teaching-learning process in secondary schools guided the study. Also, three management theories for quality assurance namely; Deming, continuous improvement and Juran’s theories were used. Quantitative and qualitative data for this cross-sectional design were collected through questionnaires and interview. A study used a sample of 96 respondents who were selected through random and purposive sampling procedures from 3 selected schools. Qualitative data were thematically analysed while quantitative data were analysed via SPSS version 25 and presented in frequencies and percentages. The study found that school self-valuation, internal inspection and supervision, teachers’ appraisal and classroom management approaches were mainly adopted and enforced in schools. The findings ascertained that every school works on its own action plan in ensuring quality teaching and learning process. The study established that the implementation of internal quality assurance approaches in secondary schools was contextual. The study further identified improving academic performance, positive rapport and collaboration between teachers, learners and school leadership, effective execution of subject syllabuses and continuous improvement culture as the outcomes of internal quality assurance approaches in teaching and learning process. The study recommends that schools should recognise the role of internal school quality assurance team or department (ISQAT/D) as mechanism that influence quality teaching and learning. Also, school should create the culture of carrying out an internal evaluation for quality teaching and learning. The study recommends policy makers to empower ISQAT in terms of approaches to ensure quality education is attained through an internal mechanism.
Experiences of secondary school female students help-seeking in learning mathematics in Tanzania: A case of two public secondary schools in Morogoro Municipallity.
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Kasimila, Dennis B.
The study explored the experiences of secondary school female students in seeking help in learning mathematics in Tanzania. Specifically, the study intended to: determine the mechanisms adopted by female secondary school students in help seeking for learning mathematics in the selected schools, determine incidences lived by the secondary school female students in the course of seeking help from other people for learning mathematics, assess the effects of a help-seeking strategy of learning mathematics among female secondary school students, analyze the best ways of using a help-seeking strategy for learning mathematics to secondary school female students. The study employed a mixed research approach including both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Morogoro Municipal Council was used as a case study; whereby, about 41 respondents were involved in a sample that was selected through purposive and simple random sampling. Data were generated through questionnaires, interview and field observation from the key informants and analyzed by using content analysis (thematic analysis) as well as a descriptive statistical method by using statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 The findings revealed that female students used mechanisms like tuition; seek help from teachers and male students as well as using tuition classes as a strategy for seeking help in learning mathematics. The experiences that secondary school female students pass through include sexual harassment or unwelcome sexual advances in return for help, and pay for money and favouritism. Besides, others are rejected something which Denny them the opportunity to learn the subject, a situation which contributes much to their poor performance in mathematics. With such experiences, female students lack motivation in learning some subjects like mathematics. It was suggested that female students should be more firm, confident and participatory in classes for them to learn perfectly in learning mathematics. The study recommends that effective learning of Mathematics to female secondary school students should involve a collaborative effort. There is a need to establish Mathematics clubs, remedial classes and changing the perceptions of people and students in the learning of Mathematics to female students.
Community participation in solid waste management in urban settlements: Acase of Mbeya city council, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Said, Yahaya H.
The main objective of this dissertation was to assess the community participation in solid waste in Mbeya City Council. Specifically the study were to assess the current state of the solid waste generation and management, to examine the role that the community plays in solid waste management, to examine the role City Council plays in solid waste management and to examine the influence of the City Council and community participation on waste management in the study area. Data was collected by using systematic, purposive and convenience sampling methods from a sample size of 101 individuals. Data analysis of qualitative data was done by using the grounded theory approach; and for quantitative data, the multiple regression analysis was employed. The findings of this study revealed that the nature of solid waste generated by the Mbeya city council residents was mainly organic and inorganic waste material. The community participates in managing solid waste through individual household efforts, not collective efforts. Also there was a limited effort from the City Council in establishing solid waste consolidation points in the streets; on the other hand, the city Council was doing well at enforcing the bylaws that fosters good waste management in the streets. Also the last discovery of this study was that both, the City Council and the community efforts were critical to the performance of good solid waste management in the city. The researcher concludes that, the efforts of both, the city council and the community are critical to the reduction of waste produced in the cities. The study recommends that these two stakeholders need to play their roles in preserving the environment. The study also recommends that, the awareness campaign and education to the community should be given a priority which will eventually make them understand the benefit of Solid waste management. Consequently, City Authorities should invite other stakeholders including Community Based Organizations’ (CBO’s) and other private sectors to collective responsibility in managing solid waste.