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Tija za tohara kwa jamii za Kiafrika: Uchunguzi wa mhusika Omolo katika riwaya ya ua la faraja (2004)
(Journal of Kiswahili and Other African Languages, 2025) Fuluge, Adria; Duwe, Martina
Katika jamii nyingi za Kiafrika, tohara ni mchakato wenye thamani na tija kubwa kwa baadhi ya makabila, husuani kwa kijana wa kiume. Katika makabila hayo, asiyetahiriwa huonekana kuwa bado ni mtoto na hajakomaa kifikra na kiutu, ambapo huweza hata kutengwa katika kushirikishwa baadhi ya masuala ya kijamii. Kijana huyo kama umri wake ni mkubwa, huweza kudharauliwa na rika lake na hata waliopo chini yake. Sambamba na hilo, katika maisha halisi ya Waafrika, tohara huchukuliwa kwa thamani inayoweza kuendeleza na kuhifadhi utambulisho wa kitamaduni na kijamii. Kwao, tohara humfanya mtu atambulike kwa namna tofauti na ilivyokuwa awali. Kwa jumla, thamani ya tohara kwa Waafrika ni suala lililowashughulisha wataalamu wengi. Hata hivyo, pamoja na kuwepo kwa tafiti nyingi kuhusu tohara kwa Waafrika, bado tija za tohara kwa kufungamanisha na fasihi andishi haijamakinikiwa kwa umahususi wake. Kwa hiyo, makala hii inashughulikia jambo hilo kwa kumrejelea mhusika Omolo kutoka riwaya ya Ua la Faraja (2004). Data za matokeo haya zilipatikana maktabani kwa kutumia mbinu ya usomaji matini. Vilevile, misingi ya Nadharia ya Sosholojia ya Kifasihi imetumika katika mchakato wa kuchunguza, kuchanganua, na kuwasilisha data zilizozaa matokeo hayo. Mjadala unaonesha kwamba tohara katika maisha ya Waafrika ina tija mbalimbali kulingana na utoshelevu wa kaida zao. Makala hii inajadili tija nne; nazo ni: Kudumisha mila, kuleta heshima kwa mhusika, kujikinga na magonjwa, na kujenga ujasiri na ukakamavu.
Factors influencing the level of women participation in community development projects: A case of Kahama Town Council
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Lugendo, Vailet N.
This study intended to investigate the factors influencing the level of woman participation in community development projects. It was carried out in Kahama Town council. The emphasis was put on the bypass of women in execution of development projects through devolved participatory approach to development. Four specific objectives of the study were: to determine level of participation of women in community development projects at Kagongwa ward, examine socio cultural factors influencing the participation of women in community development projects, identify economic factors influencing the participation of women in community development projects and to establish the role of media in influencing women participation in community development project. The study utilized a case study design, with a sample size of 100 respondents where by mixed methods of research approach were used in data collection, data analysis and data interpretation. Questionnaire survey and interview methods were used to collect data. Two data analysis methods were employed; the content analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistical analysis using a statistical package for the social sciences computer programmed (SPSS) version 20.0 for quantitative data. The finding of the study reveals that the level of women participation in community development projects at Kagongwa ward is medium. Social cultural factors such as social norms and values, gender roles and stereotyping, and attitude influence negatively on women participation in community development projects. Level of education has positive significance influence on women participation in community development projects. Furthermore, the study reveals that economic factors like income level and pre occupation of women affected the level of women participation in community development project. Media was observed to influence the level of women participation in community development projects. The study recommends that there should be improvements on gender awareness for men and women; capacity building for women training for both men and women and dissemination of information through media should be given priority.
The role of health sector basket fund on improvement of health services provision: A case of Nachingwea District Council, Lindi Region
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Mbago, Ngoma, T.
The study examined the implementation of Health Sector Basket Fund on improvement of health services provision in Nachingwea District Council. The study specifically, examined the trend of Health Sector Basket Fund disbursement for financial years, 2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, determined the activities supported by Health Sector Basket Fund implementation as planned in the Comprehensive Council Health Planning, and determined the perceived challenges of Health Sector Basket Fund implementation in the Nachingwea District Council. The study employed a single descriptive study design comprising the sample size of sixty (60) respondents including council health management team, health facilities in charges and their assistants. Moreover, simple random samplings were used as selection technique of the study. A quantitative research approach was employed in this study to collect information from the respondents easily and timely. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire which involved both closed and open ended questions. The descriptive statistics analyses were done with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The major findings of the study showed that, the trend of HSBF disbursement in three financial years 2015/16, 2016/17 and 2017/18 were Tsh. 401,727,651.87,Tsh. 503,277,000.00 and Tsh.428,394,800.00 respectively. The amounts were disbursed in two phases that is a half in every two quarters until the amount was finished and the results indicate that the council did not receive the Health Sector Basket Funds (HSBF) timely, and that the fund was sent to the council on quarterly system. That means, half of the budget needed for two quarters and another half of the amounts was received for the other last two quarters. The results also show that, the activities supported by Health Sector Basket Funds (HSBF) were implemented as planned in the Comprehensive Council Health Planning (CCHP). It also shows that, the major challenge in the implementation of Health Sector Basket Funds (HSBF) were delay in disbursement of funds and transport system. The study recommends that, the Health Sector Basket Fund (HSBF) improve the health services provision in Nachingwea Ditsrict Council. The government should insist the partners and donors who support the fund to disburse timely in order to rescue the consequences of health services provision in all councils.
Assessing factors influencing reporting of weekly diseases data from regions to Ministry of Health and Social Welfare in Tanzania Mainland
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Moshi, Frank Solomon
Background: Reporting weekly diseases data from regions to Ministry of Health and Social Welfare is one of method which is used to submit weekly diseases information from regions to the Ministry according to number of weeks in a year from 1st to 52th week. This method is a paper based, that enables diseases information to be available at the national level on time to allow for quick and important public health action. This is an evaluation study designed to assess factors which tended to influence weekly diseases data from regions to Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, to determine technical challenges and determine measures to improving the reporting design.
Methodology: The quantitative study design was conducted in Tanzania mainland which consist all regions. A primary data type was collected through structured closed questionnaire which was administered to a total of 25 respondents’ samples size that was 100% countrywide, since each region was represented by single reporter. Data was processed and analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2010.
Results: Findings showed that there was higher understanding of factors which influenced reporting. Findings indicate that 100% of the participants were Health officers, 68% were regional IDSR focal person who understood well the system of reporting weekly disease data. The evaluation also revealed technical challenges associated with reporting; whereas 88% of participants acknowledged to have incurred cost during reporting, 71% viewed that approving weekly diseases data contributed to untimely reporting. Finally, there were measures identified for improving reporting; these include feedback report, supportive supervision and availability of IDSR guidelines.
Conclusions: The evaluation concludes that, the ineffectiveness of reporting weekly diseases data was due to several reasons which include weekly reporter having many responsibilities, approving and signing weekly diseases by RMO before submission, costs of reporting incurred by reporters and weak or no supportive supervision and feedback.. So the evaluation recommends that government through its ministry must take responsibilities of making sure that reporting forms are available. The Ministry and its development partners should take responsibilities to elevating the costs incurred by IDSR focal person.The study also recommends to the Ministry and RMHT to strategize on how to speed up reporting, and that weekly disease data should not be approved only by RMO but other RHMT members. Lastly, the study recommends that the Ministry set aside some fund and schedule a time table to enable them to conduct supportive supervision from National level to Regional levels.
Implementation of inclusive education programme in public primary schools in Uvinza District Council in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Kayagula, B
The implementation of inclusive education programmed in some areas has been reported very challenging. This has caused some of public primary schools to have low enrolment of children with disabilities (CWDs). With this regard, this study aimed at examining the extent to which inclusive education programmed has been implemented in Public primary schools to ensure that children with disabilities are enrolled and have access to education in Uvinza District Council. The study was designed to; ascertain the presence of infrastructures and facilities, determine the level of teachers’ preparedness, identify the approaches used by schools to identify and enroll children with disabilities and assess parents’ attitude on inclusion of children with disabilities in public primary schools. Mixed Methods Research approach and descriptive research design was used to guide this study. A sample size of 121 respondents from teachers, head teachers, parents and district education officer for special needs education was used. Interview, questionnaire and observation methods were used to collect primary data while documentary review was used for secondary data. The study found that amongst the selected public primary schools had no improved infrastructures and facilities to accommodate children with disabilities. Majority of teachers (88.1%) had no professional skills and lacked trainings to respond to CWDs. The approaches used by schools to identify and enrolls children with disabilities varied from one school to another. Most of parents are aware that children with disabilities are supposed to be placed in inclusive schools although they still doubt if CWDs can learn effectively with non-disabled children. Therefore, the study recommends that; Central government should prepare a special budget for supporting implementation of IEP. LEAs should seriously take into account in supporting those schools to have improved infrastructures, facilities, well trained teachers and mobilized community members, and build special canters for children with severe disabilities.