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Factors and challenges associated with loss of follow up visits among HIV/AIDS clients attending antiretroviral therapy in Ilala municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Salema, Judith
Background: The loss of follow up visits among HIV positive adults on antiretroviral therapy is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Tanzania. The loss of follow up visits brings a big challenge in Care and Treatment Centre (CTC) as many HIV clients are not attending clinics as scheduled.
Broad Objective: To assess the factors and challenges associated with the loss of follow up visits among HIV positive adults attending CTC in Ilala Municipal Council.
Methods: Cross sectional study design was conducted in Ilala Municipal Council involving HIV positive adults and health providers whereby data were extracted from CTC database and clients’ files. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires and were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using Stata version 13. Analysis for predictors was done using univariate and multivariate logistic regression where p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: 240 people were recruited in the study. 190 were patients, 50 were health workers, and most of the patients were females with the age ranging from 18-35 years amounting to 102 (54%). Lack of fare 72(60%), Stigma, shift from one clinic to another and use of traditional medicine found to be the factors contributing to the loss of follow up visits. However, lack of space (92%), shortage of health providers (94%), stigma and discrimination (90%), low motivation (94%) and work load (94%) were the challenges facing health providers during provision of services to HIV patients.
Conclusion and Recommendations: The study found that the recording system of the patients’ information were poor, there were some clients who died, others were shifted to other clinics but the CTC term them as the loss of follow up visits therefore the data recording system should be strengthened.
Barriers encountered by people with substance use disorder in accessing medication assisted treatment in Dodoma Municipality : A case of Itega Mat Clinic-Dodoma
(Institute of Social Work (ISW), 2025) Mligo, Venant Christopher
The aim of this study was to explore the barriers encountered by people with substance use disorders (SUD) in accessing Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) services in Dodoma Municipality by assessing their awareness, examining perceptions influencing treatment-seeking behaviour, and identifying systemic obstacles associated with treatment delivery procedures. Methodologically, the study adopted an interpretivist philosophy and employed a qualitative research approach with an exploratory design. The study was conducted in Dodoma Municipality and targeted individuals with SUD and healthcare providers involved in MAT service delivery. Purposive sampling was used to select eighteen participants (18). This included fifteen (15) people with SUD and three (03) healthcare providers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, while secondary data were drawn from clinic reports, MAT guidelines, and clinical procedure documents. Thematic analysis guided the interpretation of data. The key findings revealed that MAT awareness was generally low and mostly acquired through peers rather than formal education. Misconceptions were widespread, including the belief that methadone substitutes one addiction for another. Procedural barriers such as lengthy registration processes, strict eligibility criteria, and limited-service points discouraged treatment initiation and contributed to high dropout rates, while stigma and mistrust of formal healthcare services further reduced MAT uptake. In conclusion, access to MAT is hindered by informational, attitudinal, and systemic challenges. The study recommends expanding MAT clinics to underserved areas, strengthening community sensitization, simplifying enrolment procedures, and enhancing government-NGO partnerships to improve MAT uptake, retention, and long-term recovery outcomes.
How brand preference contribute to the growth of the firm’s in sales volume: A survey case study of coca – cola kwanza ltd
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kinigwa, G.M.
This study explores different factors on how brand preference contributes to the growth of the firms in sales volume of the soft drinks industry in Tanzania. Coca – Cola kwanza Ltd was the case study area for this study with unit of analysis being Coca–Cola Kwanza Bottlers Limited (CCK) Brand managers, Distributors, Advertisers, and Consumers. As it is believed that, brand preference is a contributing factor of the growth of the firm’s sales volume; the study tried to find out the factors that influence a consumer to opt for one product rather than another product of similar value. The study then, seeks to understand this scenario by asking different questions; first was to understand the meaning, context and extent of the term brand, its parameters and implication to sales volume. Further; how effective brands get a customer to buy a specific product. Understanding possible causes of brand preference of Coca – Cola products through different techniques of data collection were applied ranging from primary to secondary data. For primary data; observation was applied mainly premises observation whereas; 100 outlets were put under scrutiny by comprehensive observation. It further included interview and questionnaires which included Distributors, Coca Cola Kwanza Brand managers, Advertisers and Consumers. Different documents were reviewed for this purpose cutting across from budget to spending. The study adopted a descriptive research design to identify how brand preference contribute to the firm’s sales volume and a sample size of 60, total composed by 15 Advertising agents of Coca Cola Kwanza Ltd, 15 Brand managers of the company, 15 Consumers of the Company’s products, 15 Distributors of the Company’s products, using a simple random sampling since the population for the purpose of this study was regarded as homogeneous. The study collected both primary and secondary data using semi-structured questionnaire and review of empirical and theoretical literatures respectively. These instruments were pilot tested for reliability checks.
Staff turnover in health services in higher learning institutions in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2014) Nondoli, H.
The high turnover of staff is unhealthy for the smooth running of institutions since it affects the growth, profitability and customer satisfaction whenever it occurs in the workplace. However, some employers see the process of staff leaving and being replaced as a natural and inevitable feature of the industry. This study focused on establishing the factors associated with staff turnover in Health Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania. The study specifically focused on the main causes of and the ground realities of the problem of employee turnover on sustainable growth of the organization. This was a qualitative study which adopted descriptive survey research design. Data was collected through questionnaires and respondents were the 50 staff members from MUHAS the public institution and as well as 30 staff members from IMTU the private institution. The study revealed that, remuneration was the key factor in both institutions where the employees are leaving to secure new jobs with high salaries. Also, poor working environment was sighted as factor causing staff turnover due to lack of social support, multitasking without incentives. Work interrelationship was also found to be a contributing factor due to lack of communication among staff themselves but even worse with the management. More so, staff development policy when the institution has no policy to train their staff since majority will prefer to leave their current job and go to other institution where there is policy for developing staff. But also for any organization to continue growing need to provide training to various staff members but this has been found to be lacking particularly in private institution and hence pointed out as a push factor. In addition, lack of academic promotion prospects was also found to be a push factor in the departure puzzle of staff. The study therefore recommended that, the management should improve the working conditions for the employees and finalize the proposed unit structure. Finally, the need to establish a promotion system that would motivate staff other than monetary remunerations was also recommended.
Factors determining growth of women small and medium enterprises in Ilala municipal council, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Masija, H.E
This study was designed to assess the factors determining growth of women Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania. It also addressed the characteristics of women entrepreneurs in SMEs and their enterprises. A sample of 90 women entrepreneurs engaged in 5 sectors was taken for the study using purposive sampling technique, snow balling and convenient sampling technique. In the process of answering the basic questions, a questionnaire that include demographic profiles, characteristics of women entrepreneurs and their enterprises, factors that affect the performance of women entrepreneurs in SMEs and supports MSEs acquire from the Government was designed in closed ended and open-ended questions. Moreover, interviews were held with trade officers of Ilala Municipal and micro finances. After the data has been collected, it was analyzed using simple statistical techniques (tables and percentages). The results of the study indicate the personal characteristics of women entrepreneurs in SMEs and their enterprise affect their performance. It also shows that lack of own premises(land), financial access, stiff competition, inadequate access to training, access to technology and access to raw materials were the key economic factors that affect the performance of women entrepreneurs in SMEs. The study also found that conflicting gender roles, social acceptability and, network with outsiders were the major social factors that affect these entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the main legal/ administrative factors include access to policy makers, high amount of tax and interest, bureaucracies and red tapes, and over all legal and regulatory environments. The findings further indicate that, there exists linear and positive significant ranging from substantial to strong relationship was found between independent variables and dependent variable. Moreover, the selected independent variables may significantly explain the variations in the dependent variable. Based on findings, recommendations to government bodies, to women involved in SMEs and suggestions for other researchers are forwarded to help resolving the challenges facing women SMEs in Tanzania, specifically Ilala Municipal. The researcher really hopes that output from this study shall be of practical use to women opening SMEs in Ilala Municipal, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.