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Violence in marriege in Tanzania: The case of Shinyanga and Tabora region
(Mzumbe University, 2005) Hussein Ashatu; Nsimbila Paul
This study investigates the causes of violence in marriage and the effects it has on the family. The major data collection method was case material supplemented by interview. A sample of 21 case files were drawn randomly, while10 households and 4 Social Welfare Officers were interviewed. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed in data analysis. The data presented in tables, percentages and histograms.
The findings showed that physical and verbal abuses are common types of marital violence within the area of study. The study also revealed that drunkenness, financial support, infidelity and polygamous, general misunderstandings and misuse of family properties were the agreed major causes of marital violence. The results showed that effects of marital violence mostly strain wives than husbands in the family due to husbands’ power and superiority resulting from outdated traditions and customs. The effects, however, go further to children.
Determining the implications of the land legislation, 1999 on women's rights to land: A case of Ntendo and Iziya wards in Sumbawanga urban council
(Mzumbe University, 2005) Sikalumba Alex J; Opiyo Modesta
Human rights is a broad subject that encompasses all the rights that an individual or a group of people deserve together. Gender is a socio-political and economic phenomenon in many countries. It revolves around the female and male gender. It does not deal with sexual differences per se, but rather the roles that are attached to a particular gender group. There have been different dimensions of accounting for different so-called gender roles. In Africa and Tanzania in particular, for instance, this is a matter of customs and religious beliefs and usage. These variables restrict males and females from doing this or that. In the strict sense, this does not mean that a person cannot accomplish a particular duty just because he or she belongs to a particular sex. Should that be the position then, there is no reason whatsoever as to which sex should exclusively be entitled to that and which should not. All sexes should have the same powers, to equally share the available resources among themselves. But this is not that much easy due to the traditions, customs and religious beliefs obtaining in different communities.
However, a tradition or custom is not static. It shapes the society on the day-today basis. The changing circumstances of life also change the people and force them to adopt new ways of life that are at that particular moment operational: Thus, human rights issue has been on the forefront of the global political agenda. Tanzania has taken steps to respond to this on several occasions. In the 1980s we saw the inclusion of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977 as amended. Several legislations have been amended and up dated along the lines of the Bill of Rights. Others have been repealed and replaced by new versions.
Assesing the effectiveness of health information systems in determining the social-economic status of PLWHA in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2005) Kamuzora Faustin
The goal of the study was to assess health information system (IS) in Tanzania, specifically, the HIV/AIDS component that could be used to determine the socio-economic characteristics and demographic status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The second aim was to use the information from the study to demonstrate to local governments the need to join efforts to fight the epidemic. The premise of the study was the fact that since HIV/AIDS epidemic is eroding various resources by incapacitating and eventually killing the stakeholders (residents and workers) and the potential taxpayers, local governments have to be on the vanguard to fight the epidemic. Specifically, the study aimed at assessing the HIV/AIDS information systems in use in the country; establishing the socio-economic and demographic status of people living with HIV and AIDS; and identifying the level of awareness of the linkage between the epidemic and councils’ revenue expenditure among policy makers, Bukoba Town Council and Kinondoni Municipality were used as case studies and additional information was collected from Morogoro as well as from some institutions in Dar es Salaam.
Footwear chain and participation of micro and small enterprises in Tanzania: What are their coping strategies?
(Enterprenuership and Bussiness Development Research Cluster, 2005) Kuzilwa, Joseph A.; Karia, Francis P.
The local footwear environment in Tanzania in which micro and small footwear enterprises are embedded influences the capacity of the firms to cope with the vagaries of liberalization and globalization. This paper has used value chain, clustering and firm level institutions theories to develop the conceptual frame which has examined this phenomena. An in-depth case study approach involving content analysis of six cases of micro and small enterprises was used as the methodology of study. The findings showed that micro and small footwear enterprises (MSEs) use a variety of strategies, including product differentiation, market diversification, market targeting, and product exporting (cross-border trade) as ways of dealing with imports of cheap second hand and new shoes in the local market. The study also showed that predisposing factors, particularly training and experience gained in the trade, played a vital role in influencing the enterprises strategic posture. On the other hand, the study showed that little clustering and cooperation existed amongst the footwear MSEs despite the potential advantages such as collective efficiency that could be gained, for example, from joint input procurement, joint selling and information sharing. Overall, the study showed that despite their disconnectedness, MSE in this sector have managed to survive and some have even grown.
Investigation into factors that influence the diffusion of innovation among households in Tanzania: The case of MSEs innovated cooking stoves in Shinyanga region
(Enterprenuership and Bussiness Development Research Cluster, 2005) Nsana, Bernard J. M.
This study investigates into factors that influence the adoption and diffusion of innovations in cooking stoves among rural households in Tanzania. It is a case study conducted in Meatu and Shinyanga districts. The design of study was that of a survey within a case study, as 100 households were surveyed to arrive at the results.
The findings revealed that for the two districts adoption and diffusion of the innovations was still very low, with the rate of 0.66% for Meatu district and 0.20% for Kahama district- an average of 0.43% for the two districts.
The study revealed several factors that were behind the low rates. These include: status quo syndrome, lack of awareness of where to find the stoves, cultural values, absence of networks etc., as demonstrated in chapter four. Despite the low rates of adoption, there are some factors that point to market optimism, such as the high value the respondents place on the quality and efficiency of the stoves. Poor marketing and some negative cultural factors inhibited wide adoption. The study concludes with some recommendations that point to ways and strategies that could bring about wider adoption of the innovations. It also suggests areas for further research.