Public Service and Human Resource Management

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Analysis of quality service factors and passengers’ satisfaction at bus terminals in Dar es Salaam and Morogoro regions - Tanzania,
(Mzumbe University, 2011) Lushakuzi,Simon Shaban
This research was conducted in Dar es Salaam city at Ubungo bus terminal (UBT) and in Morogoro municipality at Msamvu bus terminal (MBT). The main objective of the research was to analyse relationship between quality of services as measured by reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and conduciveness of materials on the one hand and passengers‟ satisfaction at bus terminals in Tanzania, on the other. This research focused on passengers at bus terminals who were thought to be forgotten in the sense that there exist low standard terminal services for them. Literature review focuses on key concepts, service quality and diverse service quality models including servqual, servperf, serviscape and servuction. A case study design was adopted, with a sample of one hundred and thirty one (131) respondents. Primary and secondary data collected were tested and found to be fit, reliable and valid for making meaningful interpretation. Furthermore, the result indicated that multi-methodology approach was appropriate in gathering information. The research findings were based on all Total Score Value (TSV) results at Ubungo and Msamvu bus terminals which indicate unfavourable opinions and the association of all attributes were at 0.05 and 0.01 significant levels. The study came up with the conclusion that the understanding of quality management for vehicle operation has a significant influence on standard of service at the bus terminals. As such, form of operators licensing should be appropriate to ensure that operators of public transport services meet specified standards of competence and integrity to enhance customers‟ satisfaction at bus terminals.
Transformative effects of local government authorities in promoting public involvement in decision making process in Tanzania: The case of Mvomero district council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Ngao, Shose L.
This study was carried out to assess the transformative effects of LGAs in promoting public involvement in decision making process in Mvomero district, given that little research was carried out on transformative effects of LGAs in promoting public involvement in decision making process. The study specifically found out on public involvement in LGAs, determined the level of transparency and accountability, assessed the perception of public on LGAs, and found the specific challenges which hindered effective public involvement in decision making process. The study used a case study research design with a sample of 100 respondents selected through convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected by using questionnaires, interviews and FGDs. They were analysed by using SPSS and Microsoft Word for text processing. Findings revealed there was a policy or regulation which advocated public involvement but few employees and public servants were not aware of the policy. The public was involved in LGA meeting and activities more than three times. The way of involving the public was not constant. The public was involved satisfactorily in different activities other than financial. It was because the public was not satisfied with the manner financial transactions were being handled without their involvement. In other words there was less trust among public members. The district faced challenges like inadequacy of financial means, poor communication, and poor management. The study recommended that new employees be made aware of the policy / Transparency in financial transactions, that public servants be held, communication be improved, corruption be fought and that further studies be conducted.
A study on local government autonomy in recruitment and selection functions in Ilala Municipal Council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Herman, Valerian
Local Government Reform Programme of Tanzania centered on the basic assumption of decentralization of political, administrative and financial powers and functions in the structure of a unitary state. Administratively local authorities expected to have mandate and free to carry out responsibilities concerning provision of public services and social development along its area of influence authorized under legal framework (LGRP, 1998). This study investigate on the degree at which Ilala Municipal is independent in recruitment and selection functions as directed in administrative decentralization as well as to other legal provisions. The study carries six chapters sequentially, from chapter one the introductory part of the study; there are, background of the problem, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, research assumptions, significances, limitations, delimitations of the study, conceptual framework, and definition of the key terms and concept. Chapter two is on literature review, also there is theoretical/philosophical review, operationalization of concepts, literature review from earlier studies and the synthesis. Chapter three talks about research methodology which provides information about, research design, research area, population of the study, sampling procedures and sample size, data collection methods and data analysis methods. Chapter four is about presentation and analysis of the findings. Chapter five is about discussion of research findings and chapter six is about conclusion and recommendation. Finally, the Bibliography and appendices.
Employee orientation programmes in Tanzania public institutions and its effect on employee performance: The case of the Ministry of Labour and Employment(Headquarters)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Rutaihwa, Albert E B.
In most of the developed countries it has been found that staff orientation programme has a significant impact in the organizational success: Staff retention or reduced labour turnover, staff productivity, organization performance, low supervisory cost, training, job satisfaction, job morale, promotion, development, recruitment replacement, employee pay and benefits. Also Tanzania Public Service Management and Employment policy support this requirement. An orientation programme is part of an organization’s knowledge management process and is intended to enable the new starter to become a useful, integrated member of the team, rather than being “thrown in at the deep end” without understanding how to do their job, or how their role fits in with the rest of the company. In Tanzania specifically in the Ministry of Labour and Employment staff orientation is done in inefficient and ineffective ways resulting into labour attrition, demotivation, and deterioration of customer care or services, dissatisfaction, and impression of the employment environment to the newly employed staff. The study aimed at investigating the employee orientation in the Public Service Institutions and its effects on employee performance and organization success. Therefore the main purpose of this study was: to identify challenges related to the implementation of orientation programmes and their effect on the newly employed staff in Tanzania and to suggest alternatives to orientation programmes under the current free labour market in Tanzania. A study was conducted within the Ministry of Labour and Employment and a total of fifty eight employees were involved in the study between May, 2012 and June, 2012. Out of this figure fifty employees responded to the distributed questionnaires and 8 employees did not respond. The response rate was 86.2 percent. The data were collected using distributed questionnaire, interview, observation, and documentary review methods. The study revealed that majority of staff were not initially oriented. The orientation programme or training for some staff was not programmed well, inconsistency and inadequate. All these led to dissatisfaction with the job from the first days of employment. Other orientation programs’ challenges included; shortage of funds to train new employees, declining of quality of work, increases recruitment costs, training costs, under utilization of new employees, lack of top management support to HRM Department in the organization. On the basis of the findings and conclusions, it is recommended that the Government’s organizations should adopt a comprehensive approach to orientation program, which can provide information in a way that can be absorbed and retained. Through orientation program the employees would develop a team-environment, because not only new employees are affected by the quality of orientation program, subordinates, peers, public and even new hire’s family have a stake in its success. To strengthen the orientation programme continuous studies on employee orientation evaluation in the organization should be carried out. Also, the ministry should make sure that employee orientation program is not an ill-guided fantasy of what it wishes the ministry could be. With regard to further research, it was recommended to conduct a study in other Government and Private institutions because of its impact on the organization productivity.
An assessment of human resource practices on health sector staff in local government authorities in Tanzania: The case of Bukoba district council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Franciscar,Joachim
This is both quantitative and qualitative case study which assessed human resource practices on retention of health sector staff specifically at Bukoba District Council in Tanzania. The overall objective of the study was to assess human resource practices on retention of health staff to local government authorities. More specifically the study sought to identify reasons responsible for the failure of the national Health policies in retaining health sector employees; to investigate challenges on implementing human resource practices like work environment and communication facilities to health staff retention and to determine interventions that can be useful in retaining health staff. This study has identified job satisfaction, career development opportunities, rewards, compensation, supervisors‟ support, working environment and working facilities as an important factors for health staff retention in the organization. Data were collected from health sector department and involve staff from all cadres. Primary (questionnaires and interview) and secondary (documentary) methods of data collection were involved. The study involved sample of one hundred (100) respondents who was both randomly and purposively selected. The study was limited to Health Sector Staff at Bukoba District Council. Quantitative data were analysed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and qualitative data were pertinent to factual and logical interpretation. The findings show that employee's retention in the organization is influenced by human resource practices. The elements of dependent variable „employee's retention‟ found to be affected by intermediate variables which are job satisfaction, career development opportunities, rewards, compensation, training and development opportunities and supervisor's support. This information might be useful for human resources managers to develop other means of increasing health staff retention in local government authorities in Tanzania. The study therefore recommends that, health staff retention should be implemented effectively so as to enable employees to stay with local government authorities particularly Bukoba District Council in order to improve performance.
Factors that influence attitudes towards VCT utilization among police officers: A case study of Temeke, Kinondoni and Ilala districts of Dar es salaam region
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Shija, Emmanuel
The aim of this study was to assess the factors that influence VCT utilization among Police officers. The specific objectives of this study were to ascertain the uptake of VCT among Police officers, identify the barriers facing VCT utilization and to identify the strategies to increase VCT utilization among Police officers. The types of data collected were quantitative which was collected using questionnaire and qualitative data collected using interview with focus group discussion. The findings revealed that, VCT utilization among police officers is low. More than a half of the population understudy did not know the importance of VCT utilization. The findings as well revealed barriers of VCT utilization which are, fear of positive HIV results, lack of confidentiality by VCT staffs and lack of knowledge about VCT services. Furthermore the findings revealed that most of respondents from focused group discussion suggested that VCT should not be isolated from the main health facilities, should rather be built in the way that people should not know one went for HIV test. Again health education about VCT utilization should be more emphasized among Police officers.
Effectiveness of hierarchical structure for local government decision making process: A case study of Arumeru district
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Amos, Stella
This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of hierarchical structure for local government decision making process. The study specifically examined the procedures in the local government decision making process, the existing organizational structure and regulations, and identified the specific challenges encountered in the hierarchical structure of the local government authority. The study used case design research design with a sample of 136 respondents selected through convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, FGD, and documentary review. They were analysed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Microsoft word. Findings revealed that majority of respondents were not involved directly in decision making; this is due to the nature and structure of the organization management. Decision follows the hierarchy, procedures guiding the decision making of the local government gave the full council and the district executive director (who are at the top level of the hierarchy) mandate of being the final decision maker. Other figures in the management prepare the grounds for decision making, and if it happens that they made decision, then that decision will be for district executive director. Generally the hierarchical structure of local government authorities place full council at the top, followed by District Executive Director. These two set goals and the direction of the organization and below them is the HOD’S and HOS’s who the supporting layers are, they apply these goals into their areas and give the appropriate information flow for the management. Involvement of HOD’s in decision making is through the meeting like The Council Management Team (CMT), and the standing committees of district council. All procedures for decision making is limited to standing orders (2009) and the local government Act 1982 and the Local Government Act2002.The challenges for using hierarchical structure for local government decision making process are: Delay of information due to the absenteeism of some important decision makers, corruption as the power is much vested to few figures so they misuse it, Loss of document and Nepotism. The study recommended that key persons for decision making be available or delegate other persons when absent, bureaucracy be reduced, corruption and nepotism be fought, care on documents keeping, and adjust customer chatter to fit customers’ needs. Further studies were recommended to deeply investigate the challenges facing effective rational decision making, and to conduct a similar study to confirm the findings.
Factors influencing employee retention in public organizations in Tanzania: The case study of Mwanza regional secretariat
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Shao, Lilian Stanford
Employee retention is a concern for organizations in this competitive job market because there are a great number of employment opportunities for talented professionals, the higher skilled the employees, the greater the demand for their services. In order to retain the best talents, strategies aimed at satisfying employee’s needs are implemented, the problem remains on how great is the effect of each strategy having toward overall employee’s retention. The primary aim of this study was to assess the factors that most significantly influence employee retention in public organizations in Tanzania, by using Mwanza Regional Secretariat as a case study. The sample size of forty employees, involving top, middle and lower level employees were the respondents in this study. The results of the study shows that job security, training opportunities, salary amounts, working environments, participative decision making, availability of allowances, relationships at work place, retirement benefits plans and promotion opportunities are some of the factors that basically influence employee retention at Mwanza Regional secretariat. The difference come from the implementation, those implemented as required like job security and retirement benefits plans their influence on retention is positive and those poorly implemented they act as a limit to employee retention efforts, which results to labour turnover, transfer of employees, low working moral and partial fulfilment of the organisation objectives. The solution to retention problems at the secretariat is to put more emphasis on financial incentives like increasing employee’s salary because according to the findings the respondents value them more than non-financial incentives. The findings of this study can be used by organizations to develop policies, practices, and strategies that would enable higher levels of employee retention and create greater efficiencies in meeting strategic objectives in the public sector, mainly at Mwanza Regional Secretariat.
Factors affecting implementation of management control and information system in public sector: A case of TANESCO headquarter Dar es Salaam
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Seleman, Abdallah
Management control and Information Systems is a planned system for collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. Management control and Information Systems and the information it generates are generally considered essential components of prudent and reasonable business decisions. Because MCIS supplies decision makers with facts, it supports and enhances the overall decision making process. MCIS also enhances job performance throughout an institution. At the most senior levels, it provides the data and information to help the board and management in making strategic decisions. In other levels, MCIS provides the means through which the institution's activities are monitored and information is distributed to management, employees, and customers so that there is so many factors which hinder the effectiveness of the system to the work place so that to simplify the activities due to that the researcher were conducted the research to investigate those factors which affecting the implementation of management control and information system specifically in the public sector, the case of Tanesco -headquarter situated in Dar es Salaam. Data were collected through interview, questionnaires as well as reviewing other secondary sources including reports, memos and charters. Findings were processed through Ms Excel for their interpretation and analysis so as to answer the specific research questions. Researcher present data that collected from the respondents and come up with some weakness which its show that the system in the work place does not much likely by the employees because automatically the system read the information and used by the management and that data helped them to control the employees as well as some time the system used to distribute information to the employees, stakeholders and customers as the way of informing them on the business and if there is any emergency which are important for them to know it should be provide to them. Due to that researcher tried its best to collect those factors affecting the implementation of management control and information system by doing so the data obtained and presented in this report so that to provide the management to know how to overcome those factor to ensure the system work effectively and achieve its objectives.
The performance of women leaders in local government in Tanzania: The case of Mvomero District council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Sechonge, Magreth
The study was conducted at Mvomero District Council, aiming at examine the performance of women leaders using some elements of good governance and general performance criteria. Specifically the study focused on the performance rate of women leaders based on selected elements of good governance, the factors affecting women leaders‟ performance, the current perception of organization employees on women leadership, and views on enhancing women leaders‟ performance. The study adopted a case study design where both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Purposive and simple random samplings were used to select a sample of 75 employees at Mvomero District Council. In data collection; interview and questionnaires methods were used. Study findings were presented in tables, numbers, percentages and text. The study revealed that the performance rate of women leaders is very good (81%) with regard to participation, very good (90%) with regard to accountability is, good (69%) with regard to rule of law, very good (76%) with regard to fairness or equality and very good (76%) again with regard to responsibility. In additional performance rate of women leaders was good (52%) with regard to availability and accessibility of policies and seculars, below average (43%) with respect of seeking people‟s ideas, and very good (84%) overall performance. It was further revealed that the perception on women leaders is changing. In case of factors affecting women leaders‟ performance the listed factors include: lack of commitment, lack of support, corruption, sexual harassment, family responsibilities and political influence. Stakeholder views on improving women leadership included: transformation/change in leadership, women leaders to be more accountable, positive perception on women leaders. Study recommends that women leaders should be given support, be committed, confident and involve people in decision making processes, improve availability and accessibility of policies and seculars to employees and try to be fair to all employees. They should make sure that rules and regulations are followed at work.
Relationship between time management and academic performance for primary schools: The case study of Morogoro municipality,
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Ngowo, Ally A.
The research aimed to examine the relationship between time management and academic performance by studying time wasters, motivation, absenteeism rate and procrastination and understand how they affect primary schools academic performance. The research was a case study design covering Morogoro Municipality. A sample size of 70 respondents was obtained by using stratified, purposive and accidental techniques of which both primary and secondary data were collected by using interview, questionnaire and documentary review and analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The data were collected from teachers, students and head teachers from selected primary schools, MMC Officers, and Parents. The results revealed that, presence of time wasters to the teachers and students, absentees and late comers for both teachers and students, the behavior of procrastinating school activities, ineffectiveness in supervision by education officers, teachers and parents, lack of adherence to schools’ rules and regulations and also lack of motivation especially to the teachers, have contributed to the poor teaching and learning performance for teachers and students respectively, in primary schools at MM. The study recommends, for example, the teachers should set their individual goals from school targets of which will help them focusing on achieving those goals so as schools targets; as for the students, it is important for them to be self-disciplined, also reallocation of teachers and students to the nearby schools from home to reduce absenteeism rate and late coming, The parents are also recommended to provide necessary school items for their children, dedicate their time to monitor children’s progress at school and their behavior after school hours, and communicate to the teachers for effective supervision. Moreover, for further study a comprehensive research should be conducted on other areas of the country so as to broaden the knowledge of the importance of time management in academic performance.
The need for effective training needs assessment in christian organisations: A case of Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania-Konde diocese
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mwakibasi, Jackson Bansalile
Any dynamic growth oriented organisation understands that training is an important aspect of the managerial functions in a rapidly changing social and economic environment. Training helps to develop ones personality, increases motivation and also improves effectiveness and competence of the people employed in an organization. This is to say, the strength of any organization lies in the strength of its people. Thus training is the most important part of organisational renewal and is an ongoing process. The general objective of the study was to investigate the need for effective training needs assessment in Christian organisations with special focus on the ELCT Konde Diocese as a case study. A sample of 63 respondents from a total number 165 of the population was selected: some randomly and others on non- random basis. All respondents were given questionnaires to fill. Direct interviews were also administered to cross-check with the findings in the questionnaire. The findings indicated that the ELCT-Konde Diocese has no clear understanding of the concept of Training Needs Assessment. Consequently, the Diocese had no benchmaking of Training in its organisation. On the other hand the respondents showed the need for effective training of which they meant Training Needs Assessment in the Diocese so as to equip them in the dynamic world. Therefore, the study recommends that the ELCT has to establish a firm Training Policy and develop Training programme so as to ascertain the organisational vision: serving humankind in a holistic approach.
Assessment of the effectiveness of performance appraisal in private secondary schools: The case of Mawengi secondary school
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Irene E. Sanga
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Performance Appraisal System in private secondary schools. The study was carried out at Mawengi Secondary School in Dar es Salaam using case study design. The sample size was 35 respondents from teaching and non-teaching staff.Sampling techniques used were purposive and random sampling methods.Data collection techniques were questionnaire administration, personal interview, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and documentary review. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Simple frequency analysis and tabulations were used. The findings revealed that majority of respondents at Mawengi Secondary school were aware of the Performance Appraisal System and performance appraisal was mentioned to be effective. The result also shows that employees at Mawengi Secondary School had positive attitude towards the Performance Appraisal System and the way it is implemented. It is recommended that that in order for Performance Appraisal System to be more effective the top management must give enough support to ensure that Performance Appraisal System is under control. There should be good and proper training of the employees in case there are problems of failure to attain their objectives to improve the employee‟s competence. Also, Performance Appraisal at Mawengi Secondary School should be fair to the employees rather than being biased and lastly, management decision on promotion, transfer, demotion and wage increase should rely on the performance report. This will help employees to develop a positive attitude on the Performance Appraisal System.
Promoting good governance in the public sector in Tanzania through ICT: A case of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Safari, Thomas
Tanzanian public sector is challenged to promote good governance through ICT. Thus effective use of ICT as a tool for promoting good governance is believed to have a significant impact for the public organizations in policy implementation and thereafter realization of goals and objectives. This study aims at understanding the role or contribution of ICT as a management tool in promoting good governance in the public sector organizations. In this regard the study is set to fulfill the following objectives: i) To identify the role of ICT adoption and use in governance in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism; ii) To identify and assess the extent to which the available possibilities for employing ICT may improve governance in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism and iii) To establish the relationship between quality of services and ICT use in the Ministry. In the course of realizing the objectives of this study, the research employed questionnaires, observation and interview as the data collection methods. These methods were in line with the research design aimed at in this study. The research design which was seen as appropriate to this study was ‘a Case Study’. Thereafter the data and information collected was analyzed using computer Microsoft Excel Program. The study revealed that despite having the legal and policy framework for ICT and appreciation of the role of ICT in the public sector organizations as a means for promoting good governance, still there are some challenges that limit the effectiveness of ICT in the course of promoting good governance in the public sector in Tanzania. Such challenges include inadequacy of well skilled technicians and/or computer system analysts, unreliable power supply (electricity cut-outs), lack of technical know-how, lack of modern equipment’s, spare parts and anti-viruses, level of education of most employees (users), poor technological infrastructure, capital (cost of maintenance), and lack of priorities (readiness) as a result of political interference in technical and administrative matters. Therefore, it is recommended that it is high time that the ideal of the legal and policy framework should be adequately reflected in the reality. That is the government should now give priority to ICT if it really means that it to be a tool for promoting good governance in the public sector.
The implications of employees motivation to human resource retention at Stanbic bank Tanzania limited
(2013) Kyaruzi, Albert R.
The importance of motivation in retaining employees cannot be over emphasized. Therefore keeping the best employees continue to remain a challenge for most managers. The current study entailed at examining the implications of employees motivation to human resource retention. The study set to address four specific objectives as to identify the types of motivation required by employees, to explore the strategies employed to enhance motivation as a factor to human resource retention to, determine the relationship between employees motivation and human resource retention, and to identify challenges involved in attaining motivation strategies that lead to human resource retention at Stanbic Bank. The study used Stanbic Bank as a case study whereby the organization has a total number of about 587 employees. However, this study used a cross section sample of 160 employees mainly located in Dar es Salaam due to resources constraints. The research made used primary and secondary data. Opened ended questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data from respondents. A selected number of managers, senior as well as junior staffs were also interviewed as part of the data gathering process. Data collected were subjected to analysis that involved data coding, editing and consolidation and later presented in tables, charts and quotes. The study found that majority of the respondents was of the opinion that they were not satisfied with their current motivation packages. Respondents strongly agreed that good management to employee relationship enhances employees retention. Few, respondents certain level of dissatisfaction with the house allowance and has led to feeling of inequity, de-motivation and labour turnover. It is therefore recommended that Stanbic bank should provide both staffs house allowance not depends for the manager and senior staff. The study also recommended that management should provide a competitive and attractive salary in order to retain the employees of Stanbic Bank.
Contribution of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority in improving welfare of the communities: The case of Ngorongoro and Endulen villages in Ngorongoro
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Nkuyumba, Polycarp
This study intended to assess the contribution of tourism to the communities’ welfare in Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Specifically, the study aimed at (i) identifying services provided by the NCAA to the community within the area; (ii) examining the involvement of the people in deciding the kind of services to be offered; and (iii) assessing the effectiveness of the tourism development strategies to improve the standards of living of the community. The study interviewed a total of 180 respondents from two villages namely Endulen and Ngorongoro. Questionnaires, observation, interviews and documentary reviews were used to collect both primary and secondary data. The findings revealed there were a number of development projects established in the areas. These projects include water services, infrastructure (roads, buildings, and dams), health services and education services. It was also found that there were various locations where the community members marketed their products, mostly meat and milk, in hotels and tour companies. The study also found that community members were mainly involved in revenue collection especially in walking safaris and guiding tourists. Community involvement was very high in walking safaris as well as in donkey/camel hiring. The findings further reveal that participation was low in coordinating walking tourist and permit control. Further, it was found that community members were benefiting financially through social services provision due to tourism activities that generated income to the NCA, as well as to individual through the involvement in the community tourism projects like cultural bomas. It was in addition found that tourism and livestock were the two fast growing economic activities in the NCAA. The study made several recommendations to Ngorongoro Pastoralist Council (NPC), NCAA and to tourism companies as well as communities in the sense that community engagement is of value in the tourism industry so as to acquire license of operation and the maximization of the benefits that are derived from the industry.
The contribution of internal audit in achieving integrity and reliability of accounting information: Case study in President office, Public Service Management
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Chale, Joyce
Internal audit functions plays a unique role in governance process by assuring that risk are effectively identified and monitored, organizational processes are efficient, effectively controlled. However to ensure this contribution this study aimed at evaluating how and through what function does internal audit assist in achieving integrity and reliability of accounting information. Objective of this study was to examine the contribution of internal audit in achieving integrity and reliability of accounting information. The purpose being to understand more internal audit functions and how they can contribute to the integrity and reliability of accounting information. A case study approach was adopted with the PO-PSM as the main case. Information from relevant sources including internal auditors, accountants, member of audit committee, and other stakeholders were collected using questioning and interview method. It was noted that the results of this research was that internal Audit functions contribute to the, the integrity and reliability of accounting information and the findings shows that the function of internal audit was analyzed the accounting information, compliance with law and regulation, checking budget implementation, the reliability and soundness of financial information, unethical behavior and fraud detected and organization strategy. Also the essential element of internal audit analyzed and findings show the internal audit need to be independence, staffing, due care and relationship also the limitation of internal audit was analyzed there is lack of technical knowledge, independence of internal audit unit, shortage of staff, and lack of recognition by management. The general findings of this research shows that internal audit function are well placed in the ministry of President Office, Public Service Management and contribute to the reliability and integrity of the accounting information although there some weaknesses found this is because internal audit function have been introduced in recent year therefore it is the belief of the researcher that contribution of Internal Audit will be strengthen.
Challenges of administering OPRAS in district councils in Tanzania: The case of Lushoto district council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mwanaamani, Mtoo
The Open Performance Review and Appraisal System (OPRAS) is an open, formal, and systematic procedure designed to assist both employers and employees in planning, managing, evaluating and realizing performance improvement in the organization, with the aim of achieving organizational goals. It is expected to drive the transition from a focus on Human Resource Management to Strategic Human Resource Management. OPRAS not only adds a valuable dimension to the human resource function, it also changes the competencies that define the success of human resource professionals and practitioners in an institution or organization. The study aimed at investigating the challenges of administering OPRAS in District Councils. Its implementation aim at achieving organizational goals and is expected to maximize the production. Effective running of this appraisal was seemed to be partially implemented by public employees something that calls for an inquiry. The study was conducted at Lushoto District Council November 2012 to March 2013. In attempt to meet the objective of the study, questionnaires and interviews were carried out to the selected sample to get responses from the respondents. The findings revealed that the employees see OPRAS as good but its implementation needs some improvement to meet the expected goals. The challenges identified were setting of unrealistic budget to meet the required resources for the whole process. Budgetary leads to other challenges such as lack of integration between the supervisor and supervisee objectives on one hand and that of the organization on the other. Lack of support from the supervisor and lack of training also minimizes the efficiency of the OPRAS process. Other challenges noted from the employees were openness, selection of indicators, clear setting of goals and standards. In order to improve the situation all stake holders should act appropriately on these challenges so as to bring smooth sailing of the OPRAS implementation in Lushoto and in Tanzania at large.
The role of the electronic media (television) in enhancing democracy the case study of the Presidential General Election of 2005 and 2010
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Goroi, Stephano E.
The study aimed to investigate the role of electronic media (television) in enhancing democracy during the Presidential general election of 2005 and 2010 in Kinondoni district. The purpose of the study was to gather different opinions and ideas from different groups of people concerning the role of electronic media (television) in enhancing democracy during the general elections. Issues examined included the role of television participation in general elections in Tanzania that occurred as a result of political development between 2005 and 2010,the nature of the stories reported and aired concerning the general elections of 2005 and 2010and the impact and influence of television participation to different groups of people in 2005 and 2010 elections. The study mainly adopted qualitative approach. The data collected were analyzed by using the SPSS. For categorical variables, simple frequency analysis and cross tabulations were used. The findings were presented in tables, figures and text to simplify interpretation and general appraisal of the facts. The study found out that in Tanzania, electronic media (television) has brought some changes in general elections through its coverage of political issues .However; much still needed to be done by media in enhancing democracy. In general there are some communities members who do not appreciate the role of media in enhancing real democracy especially during general elections. Finally, the study made recommendations to media houses and stakeholders to improve efficiency of media in enhancing democracy during elections. Good coverage of issues during campaigns and unbiased nature of reporting will change the mindset of politicians and the public in general, hence enhancing transparency and accountability.
Assessment of the current status of students academic performance in science subjects in relation to the initiatives implemented in secondary schools in Tanzania : A case of Gairo district, Morogoro
(2013) Masatu, Samwel M A
The study was about Assessment of the Current Status of Students‟ Academic Performance in Science Subjects in Relation to the Initiatives implemented in secondary schools in Tanzania A case of Gairo district, Morogoro. The central argument of the study was to assess the current status of students‟ academic performance in science subjects in relation to the initiatives implemented to improve students‟ academic performance in these subjects, a case of Gairo district, Morogoro. The study reviewed some literature and came up with the following objectives: To examine the students‟ current status academic performance in science subjects, to identify the current factors contributing to students‟ poor academic performance in science subjects. Also was to examine initiative used to improve students‟ academic performance in science subjects and was to examine the possible measures to be taken to improve students‟ academic performance in science subjects. The research conducted in Gairo‟s ordinary public secondary schools. The research is a case study and the researcher used two research techniques of data collection whereby face- to face-Interview was conducted to secondary schools‟ administrative leaders and questionnaires were distributed to science teachers and students. Statistical Package for Science (SPSS) software was used in data analysis. It was found during the study that, students‟ academic performance in science subjects in ordinary secondary schools in Gairo district is poor. The state of students‟ academic performance in science subjects in Gairo District is contributed by some factors as analyzed by the study and some initiatives has been taken to improve students‟ academic performance in science subjects. In solving the problem of students‟ poor academic Performance in science subjects the study has suggested some measures to be taken. Insightful conclusion was drawn from the results obtained and recommendations are made for future researchers and for Government. Researcher is in position to ix recommend that, the government should modernize the available public secondary schools before continuing with constructing other public secondary schools. Also the government should take motivation as the means of arising teaching and learning science subjects at any level of education.